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Márkos Vamvakáris ((ギリシア語:Μάρκος Βαμβακάρης); born 10 May 1905 in Ano Syros, or ''Ánō Khōra'', on Syros Island; died 8 February 1972 in Athens, Greece), was a ''rebetiko'' musician. He is universally referred to by ''rebetiko'' writers and fans simply by his first name, Márkos. The great significance of Vamvakaris for the rebetiko is also reflected by his nickname: the "patriarch of the rebetiko".〔Μάρκος Βαμβακάρης- Αυτοβιογραφία – Εκδ. Παπαζήση, 1978〕 ==Biography== Vamvakaris was born on 10 May 1905 in Ano Syros (aka Ano Khora), Syros, Greece. His family belonged to the sizeable Roman Catholic community of the island, the "Francosyrans", a name deriving from the colloquial Greek reference to West Europeans collectively as "the Franks". At the age of twelve, in the false belief that he was wanted by the police, Vamvakaris fled Syros for the port of Piraeus. He worked as a stevedore, a pit-coal miner, a shoe-polisher, a paperboy, a butcher, and other odd jobs. He heard a bouzouki player playing, and vowed that if he did not learn to play the instrument in six months he would chop off his own hand with a cleaver (he was working in the public abattoirs at the time). He learned bouzouki, becoming an innovative virtuoso player, and began to write songs of his own. At first he often played in clandestine hashish-smoking establishments known as ''tekés''; later he and his band, which included Giorgos Batis, Anestis Delias and Stratos Pagioumtzis played in more legitimate clubs and taverns. They were extremely popular, and Markos made many recordings. Vamvakaris recorded his first rebetiko disc, ''Na'rchósouna re magka mou'' (''Να 'ρχόσουνα ρε μάγκα μου'') in 1932. Among other songs in that period, he wrote the classic love song ''"Frankosyriani"'' (''Φραγκοσυριανή''). After the liberation of Greece from the occupation of Nazi Germany, difficult times persisted, but his kind of music was no longer fashionable. He also suffered badly with arthritis in his hands which crippled his bouzouki playing, and from asthma that hampered his singing. The slump in his fortunes lasted until the early 1960s when, after initiatives by Vassilis Tsitsanis, many of his old songs were revived and sung by singers including Grigoris Bithikotsis, and Stratos Dionysiou. Vamvakaris died on 8 February 1972 at the age of 66. Markos' composing style was utterly simple: minimal orchestration, melodic lines stripped of any embellishment, and lyrics as devoid of ornamentation as possible. His strophic masterpiece "''Your eyelashes shine''" is a typical example of his art. It consists of just three short couplets, each sung twice to the same melodic phrase, with clauses reversed for the second time, and with a single instrumental phrase interspersed between them:
As the years pass, his towering contribution to Greek music emerges. All other Greek composers, of his time and afterwards, revere him as their master teacher, and Mikis Theodorakis remarked: "''We all, we are but branches of a tree. Markos is that tree''". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Markos Vamvakaris」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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